Sharper sensing
Shorter nadir range delivers a finer ground sample distance for EO/IR/SAR imaging with the same optics and aperture.
Technology
Ultra-VLEO and VLEO are the next orbital frontier — and propulsion is what enables access. JivaJet develops two plasma propulsion platforms for small satellites: HyABPT for Ultra-VLEO access and JJ Drive for LEO and VLEO mobility.
The challenge
Satellites can’t survive long in the residual atmosphere at these altitudes — drag pulls them out of orbit within days. But what becomes possible if they can dwell there instead? The lowest orbits offer strategic and commercial advantages precisely because almost nothing else can operate there: higher atmospheric density, higher drag, and higher thrust-to-power demand rapidly degrade conventional missions.
Persistence in VLEO needs a propulsion-first approach — every other part of the mission stack depends on propulsion holding the orbit. JivaJet’s architectures are engineered to close that gap: air-breathing thrust that collects and ionizes atmospheric particles without stored propellant, and compact metal-propellant electric propulsion for sustained mobility.
Why VLEO
Propulsion is the enabler. Once a satellite can dwell in VLEO, direct-to-device connectivity, earth observation, IR, and SAR all get sharper, and the security picture gets stronger — without changing the optics or radio it carries. Dwelling lower shifts the entire satellite ecosystem to look lower; that shift is inevitable, and JivaJet is solving the hardest propulsion problems to make it an operational reality.
Shorter nadir range delivers a finer ground sample distance for EO/IR/SAR imaging with the same optics and aperture.
Shorter path length cuts free-space path loss and round-trip propagation delay for direct-to-device, IoT, and LPWAN connectivity.
Lower altitude improves revisit and coverage while atmospheric drag naturally deorbits spacecraft at end of life.
Technology platforms
One plasma foundation, engineered for the distinct demands of LEO mobility, VLEO persistence, and Ultra-VLEO access.
Air-breathing plasma propulsion
The Adaptive Hypersonic Air-Breathing Plasma Thruster is a compressor-less system designed to collect and ionize atmospheric particles for sustained, propellant-less operation in the Ultra-VLEO and near-space regime — unlocking access to orbits no flight-qualified propulsion can hold today.
Metal-propellant electric propulsion
JJ Drive is a compact metal-propellant electric propulsion system for LEO and lower-LEO mobility — station-keeping, phasing, collision avoidance, de-tumbling, and disposal support — engineered to outperform FEEP, iodine, and low-power Hall thrusters on integrated system simplicity and product-fit economics.
Readiness
HyABPT’s ~200 W operating power is spacecraft-manageable — a fraction of what a Hall-effect thruster needs to produce equivalent drag-compensating thrust in VLEO.
JJ Drive architecture
JJ Drive combines propulsion, electric RCS, and control authority into one distributed, modular system — purpose-built for persistent VLEO operations at 200 km and above.
Distributed thrusters control thrust vector and torque simultaneously — addressing drag and disturbance torque together.
CubeSat / SmallSat-ready; solid metal propellant removes pressurized tanks and gas-feed hardware.
Software-defined magnitude, direction, and torque with no mechanical gimbals; channel-level redundancy enables graceful degradation after a unit failure.
Benchmark
How it compares
What each propulsion class needs to hold 1 N against drag in VLEO for one hour — HyABPT collects its propellant from the atmosphere instead of carrying it.
| Per 1 N · 1 hr in VLEO | HyABPT | Cold gas | Hall thruster |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thrust-to-power (N/kW) | 5–10 | Non-electric | ~0.08 |
| Specific impulse (s) | 350 · unlimited propellant | ~100 | ~1500 |
| Propellant carried | None — air-breathing | 3.6 kg stored | 0.3 kg stored / fed |
| Compressor | No — hypersonic inlet | No — tanks occupy space | No — Xenon tank-fed |
| System mass efficiency | High — no propellant mass | Low — tank-dominated | Medium — tank + propellant |
On power, the gap is just as wide: HyABPT draws ~200 W to produce drag-compensating thrust where a Hall-effect thruster would need ~12,500 W.
Orbital regimes
Each regime asks a different question of a propulsion system. JivaJet builds for all three.
Station-keeping, phasing, collision avoidance, repositioning, and disposal support with JJ Drive.
Sustained control against drag for lower-altitude mission life and revisit advantage.
Operating in the lowest, highest-drag regimes where conventional architectures cannot hold orbit — enabled by HyABPT.
HyABPT serves Ultra-VLEO (80–200 km). JJ Drive serves VLEO and LEO (200 km and above).
The vision
Ultra-VLEO and VLEO are the next orbital frontier — propulsion is what opens access, and everything from imaging and direct-to-device connectivity to security missions gets better once satellites can stay there. That shift is inevitable, forcing every service that depends on satellites to look lower. JivaJet is solving the hardest propulsion problems to make a persistent VLEO service layer an operational reality.
Mission roadmap
JivaJet's flight program validates propulsion technology in stages — from single-thruster demonstration missions to a multi-satellite platform for sustained VLEO operations.
Demonstration of the EMATRIX thruster.
Array-based vacuum arc MPD thruster demonstration.
Launch of JivaJet’s first satellite model, EMARKSAT I — the first-ever Air Breathing Plasma Propulsion (ABEP) VLEO mission.
Launch of JivaJet’s second satellite model, EMARKSAT II — JivaJet’s first multi-year, multi-satellite VLEO commercial mission.
Published research papers
Selected conference papers and journal publications from JivaJet’s founders and research team.
Research
JivaJet’s research spans ionization, self-neutralization, electron sources, feeding mechanisms, and high-thrust-to-power air-breathing electric propulsion.
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